ULTIMATE GUIDE TO GETTING AN A IN ABE206

     Introduction to Engineering discipline (ABE206) is a highly informative course that will not only enlighten you but it'll also help you develop more motivation towards your course of study which will in turn skyrocket your Career development.

I'm Abegunde Olawoyin Adeboye, One of the toppers of the department of Civil engineering at the University of ilorin(300L). This write up is a product of what has been my experience as regards understanding and passing the course with an excellent grade as well. It's not really sensible when you understand a course very well  and it's not reflected in your grade. That can be as result of many factors outrightly.

I will give you some valid information here which will help you understand the course more and also pass the course with an excellent grade. It's not advisable that you just depend on this write up alone as regards the course study. You need to study the course textbook as provided by the course facilitators too.

In my subsequent blog post on this section, I'll give a general summary of each of the chapters accordingly, things you need to note and things you need to avoid as well.Then I'll also post many revision questions that will really help getting an A in the course. So kindly stay updated and click the follow button at the right top corner of this page to follow my blog posts.

Let's move to the real business now

1. You need to note that you'll be tested on all the various discipline and not just limited to your own discipline alone. The questions varies with individuals and it's even possible attimes that you come across more of Civil engineering based questions as an electrical engineer.So the need to master all of the information about each discipline.

2. You need to take note of DEFINITIONS; it's not necessary and most attimes irrelevant to know the definition verbatim wise. All you need is just to understand it and then you can easily interpret the question based on your own understanding of the definition.

3. You need to take note of ABBREVIATIONS; You'll be tested on how much of ABBREVIATIONS and I can remember then that I have a list of ABBREVIATIONS and their full meaning on each of the discipline. I'll send it as soon as I can find it.E.g CAD,NIWE, UTM, FPGA e.t.c

4. As regards equipment and various implement used in each discipline. You need to take note of the diagram and their uses too. You can visit various departments of each discipline across the campus and get up for some of this equipment; that will really help.  You'll see the vicat apparatus when you go to the soil and hydraulics lab at the department of Civil engineering. Ask the technician to tell you more about it and other apparatus you see around there.

5.Prospects and job opportunities in each discipline section will help prepare you ahead of your career journey. Take note of the very aspect that interests you the most and how well you can thrive there.

6.Take note of the year each discipline professional body was formed and try to register so you can be a student member of this professional bodies

7. Lastly, to have an A in any course in unilorin; you need to plan to have 100. Yes! I mean 100/100. So in case there's any constraints that will bounce your score back, it wouldn't push it pass 75. Take note of that. I'll give the summary of each chapter accordingly in my upcoming posts.

Kindly drop your questions, recommendations, contributions, and suggestions at the comment section below and don't forget to follow my blog as well.

Wish you all the best in your Academic pursuits.!

ANALYSIS OF STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES REVIEW

 A great majority of structures being built today all over the world are STATICALLY indeterminate.

Majorly when dealing with analysis of structures, We calculate

1. SUPPORT REACTIONS

2. INTERNAL FORCES

An additional relationship based on the geometry of deformation of structures combined with the equation if equilibrium in the analysis of structurally indeterminate structures is termed COMPATIBILITY EQUATION.

To completely analyse staticallly indeterminate structures, we most attimes consider

1. Dimension

2. Arrangement of members of the structure

3. Cross sectional area

4. Moment of inerti

5. Modullli of Elasticity

The design of an indeterminate Structure is ITERATIVE in nature which implies that relative sizes of members are initially assumed.

To be continued...................

SET THEORY

SET THEORY

A set is a well-defined as the COLLECTION or GROUP of an object,things or numbers.

For instance;

Consider the application you have on your phone.

Gmail

Contacts

Google Play store

YouTube

Facebook

Clock

e.t c

This is a collection of your phone app and can be regarded as a SET

Note: The SET must have a name to defined and differentiate it from other SETS.

Hence the name of this SET can be MYPHONEAPP

And the members in the SET ; MYPHONEAPP are Gmail, Playstore,Contacts e t.c

Just think of any collection

Materials in make up kit✅

First aid box tools✅

Subjects offered by a student✅

States in Nigeria✅

A-ELITE ACADEMY Students✅

And lot more........

Note: It can be a number as well and this is what we'll mostly work it as mathematics deals with the science of numbers

 Even numbers from 0 to 10✅

Factors of 3 less than 60✅

Prime numbers less than 15✅

e.t.c

Z= {-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3}

Note: The SET NAME is usually denoted by CAPITAL LETTER such as (Z) While the elements of a set are denoted by small letter such as a,b,c,d,e.........

In a nut shell, we can as well have 

A= {a,b,c,d,e}

 SETs are usually enclosed by Curly brackets as {}

 Now SET can either  be given in intrinsic format or extrinsic format.

A= {All prime number between 1 and 10}. INTRINSIC

A= {2,3,5,7}

A= {All prime number between 1 and 10}. INTRINSIC

A= {2,3,5,7}. EXTRINSIC

 Can you now see the difference between the INTRINSIC and EXTRINSIC Format✍🏾

The set can be gven to you by the examiner in whichever way

All you need to do is to have the basic knowledge as to how to convert it mostly to a workable format which is the EXTRINSIC

Each item in a SET is known as member or ELEMENT

 So if a set is defined as Students of A-ELITE ACADEMY;

Then you're an element of that set since you're a student of A-ELITE ACADEMY

 But now let's see if Joe Biden is an element of that set.

No! Because Joe Biden is not a student of A-ELITE ACADEMY

Symbols and their interpretation

 Student of A-ELITE ACADEMY= {Samuel,Taiwo,Ola,Kemi, Martins,David}

Samuel is an element of the SET but Promise is not

CLASS EXERCISE:

 Interpret all of this in EXTRINSIC FORMAT 

1. P = Set of odd numbers less than 20

2. Q = Set of Even numbers less than 20

3. R= Set of Prime numbers less than 20

4. S = { -3 < x < 5}

CVE362(STRUCTURAL DESIGN) REVISION QUESTIONS

 

A. I, II and V

B. I, IV and V

C. II, III and IV

D.III, IV and V

E.II, IV and V

KINDLY DROP YOUR ANSWER IN THE COMMENT SECTION.

PHRASE

 When we discussed generally about English as a language

We have levels of Formation. I.e 

MORPHEMES-WORD-PHRASE-CLAUSE-SENTENCE

Morpheme is the basic unit of the English Language structure

Morpheme (un,non,dis)

We can have morphemes as either prefix or suffix

 But our major focus this morning is on PHRASE✌🏾

Now there are basic things you need to know about phrase

 1. It can't function as a full meaning expression

2.t's usually composed of different part of speech framed together to function as one

3. It has a different meaning that is distinct from it actual name

Based on the number 3

Thus the need for us to understand the meaning of different types of phrase

We have different types of phrase as well as 

PHRASAL VERB

NOUN PHRASE

 We study more about this as we move on with the lecture. But our main focus now is to know and understand in context the meaning of PHRASE and how they can be used in sentences.

.

So follow through🔰

.

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 1.✅Burn Up

Meaning: To be consumed by fire

Example: Joshua (BURNED UP) his school books when he failed his examination

2.✅Take Down

Meaning: To write down(in dictation) or to remove something from high position

.

Example: Are you ready to take down the message?

The President was taken down✍🏾

3.✅Break Into

.

Meaning: To interrupt or stop.

. In

Example: No one should break into a church sermon once it starts✍🏾

4.✅Figure out

.

Meaning: To understand

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Example: Do you believe I could figure out the tutorial on PHRASE✍🏾

5.✅Buy out

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Meaning: Buy the whole supply of something

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Example: The rich man bought up my Dad's property✍🏾

6.✅Show Up

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Meaning: To arrive at a meeting or place

.

Example: The Barcelona team showed up on the pitch against PSG yesterday😁

7.✅Fall Off

.

Meaning: To reduce or decrease

.

Example: Forex traders seems to Fall Off as soon as they suffer trading loss✍🏾

8.✅Hear from

.

Meaning: Receive message from someone or something.

.

Example: We seldom hear from the A-ELITE ACADEMY tutors✍🏾

9.✅Hit On

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Meaning: To discover something inadvertently or creatively.

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Example: Many student from the department graduated with a first class degree because they hit on a plan to achieving Academic excellence✍🏾

10.✅Fall through

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Meaning: To fail or not to accomplish a desired objective.

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Example: All their plan to secure  scholarships fell through☹️

11.✅Stand by

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Meaning: To be around or to render help.

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Example: The parent  stood by at the hospital✍🏾

12. ✅Blow over

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Meaning: To pass without causing harm.

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Example: The American airlines blow over the Mediterranean Sea✍🏾

AASHTO HIGHLIGHTS

 AASHTO(American Association of State highway Transport officials)

Seven groups of inorganic soils(A1-A7)

12 Subgroups

Three(3)soil properties (PSD, LL, PI)

      >>PSD(PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION)

      >>LL(LIQUID LIMIT)

       >>PI(PLASTICITY INDEX)

1 GROUP INDEX(GI)

GI = 0.2a + 0.005ac + 0.01bd

Code: 132 251 A/Ac/Bd

132 implies that the first term of the equation has 1 zero,the second has 3 zeros, and then the last has 2.

251 implies that the first term of the equation has 2(0.2), the second has 5 (0.005) then the last 1(0.01)

NOTE: a,b,c, and d must be expressed as POSITIVE whole number.

a = 35 < x < 75 No.200 sieve [N-35]{0-40}

b = 15 < x < 55 No.200 sieve [N-15]{0-40}

c = 40 < x < 60 Liquid limit [LL-40]{0-20}

d = 10 <x < 30 Plasticity index[PI-10]{0-20}

All you need do is to memorize the lower limit as highlighted above( 35 15 40 10) and the range for;then You need to note that a and b is defined in terms of amount of proportion of particles(N), c is defined on the Liquid limit (LL) and d on the Plasticity index(PI)

a and b ranges from 0 to 40

c and d ranges from 0 to 20

The group index is a means of rating the value of a soil as a subgrade material within it's own Group

NOTE: The higher the group index(GI), the poorer the quality of the material (INVERSE VARIATION).

If the pertinent index value for a soil falls below the minimum limit associated with a,b,c and d, the value of the corresponding term is zero. Take for instance you have N= 30 for an expression of a and the lower limit for a is 35; Then a tends to Zero

When the index are more than the highest value, then we use the maximum. Take for jnstains we know the maximum value for d expression as 30 and ranges from 0 to 20; if we now have 35 (35-10= 25) and 25 is more than the maximum value. All we need do is to make use of the maximum value as 20.

A-6(12)

The group index(GI) here is 12............

      

THEORY OF PRICE DETERMINATION

 [2/12, 5:07 PM] Prof Godspower: The last time we met we discussed *solution to basic economics problem*

Today we will be considering *theory of price determination*

 The subtopics that we will be considering;

*Definition of price determination*

*Factor that determine price or fixation of price*

*Approach to price determination*

*Definition of price determination*

  The theory of price also referred to as *"price theory"*  is a microeconomic principle that uses the concept of supply and demand to determine the appropriate price point for a given good or service. The concept of price theory allows for price adjustments as market conditions change.

price is the (usually not negative) quantity of payment or

 compensation given by one party to another in return for one unit of goods or services. A price is influenced by production costs, supply of the desired item, and demand for the product.

The price of goods plays a crucial role in determining an efficient distribution of resources in a market system. Price acts as a signal for shortages and surpluses which help firms and consumers respond to changing market conditions. ... Falling price encourage people to buy, and cause firms to try and cut back on supply.

*Factor that determine price or fixation of price*  

7 factors that determine price or fixation of price 

*Cost of production

*Demand for product

*Price of competing firm

*Purchasing power of customers 

*Government regulation 

*Objective  and 

*Marketing method used

 *Types of price determination of prices*

*Kinked demand curve 

*Oligopoly

*Monopolistic Competition

*Price determination

*Monopolistic revenue curve 

*Monopoly market

*Long run equilibrium of competitive firm and industry

*Price determination under perfect competition

COLLISIONS

Today Topic will be on *Collision*

 When two objects collide, this is called a collision. 

In physics, a collision doesn't have to involve an accident (like two cars crashing into each other), but can be any event where two or more moving objects exert forces on each other for a short period of time. Or when a moving objects cause impact on a stationary object.

1. One ball striking another on a pool table 

2. A baseball bat hitting a ball 

3.Your fingers striking the key on the keyboard Collisions and the

Above are all example of collision

*Conservation of Momentum* 

An important theory in physics is the law of momentum conservation. This law describes what happens to momentum when two objects collide. 

The law states that when two objects collide in a closed system, the total momentum of the two objects before the collision is the same as the total momentum of the two objects after the collision. The momentum of each object may change, but the total momentum must remain the same.

The above law is what we will adopt in solving question on Collision

The two types of collision we have in physics are outline below;

 *1. Elastic collision

2. Inelastic Collision*

Another type of Collision, which can also be classify under inelastic is *completely inelastic*

n each of the above collision,  momentum is conserved.

Another term used in collision is *kinetic energy* and are describe in each of the types of Collision below; 

*elastic* - kinetic energy is conserved

 *inelastic* - kinetic energy is not conserved

 *completely inelastic* - kinetic energy is not conserved, and the colliding objects stick together after the collision.

Classification of Living organisms (Section A)

 Many students find it difficult to understand Biology as a science Subject.Immediately after the class I'll send you a write up on how you can overcome that.For today's class .....

We're going to consider.....

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS

As we all know that biology deals with the study of Life( Living Organisms). So we need to create a method of classifying them as this will help us study them better.️

We have more than 1.8 million kinds of Organisms,There are still many more to be discovered and described....

....

After 1.8 million kinds.I believe that some of you can still help with discovering and describing more sha,Till then.

So we just need to have a MEANINGFUL WAY of classifying, identifying and naming these Organisms. NOTE‼️

.......The present method of classification of Organisms is based on the work of ......

CAROLUS LINNAEUS

........ He was a swedish naturalist (1707-1778)

What's TAXONOMY or SYSTEMATICS?

....... The study of the general principles of classification is known as TAXONOMY or SYSTEMATICS. How do we describe the method of classification then;

How do biologists find a way for this classification.What did they do?

What they did was to look out for an important feature that are shared by a large variety of Organisms. I.e Organisms with certain important features in common are then put into one group.

HIERARCHY OF LIVING ORGANISMS

 K

   P

      C

          O

              F

                G

                    S

 KPCOFGS

This is the same thing as levels of classification of living Organisms

 K - Kingdom

P - Phylum

C - Class

O- Order

F - Family

G - Genus

S- Species

From here now

You'll notice that the highest Group is the KINGDOM while the Lowest Group is the SPECIES

 NOTE‼️‼️‼️

Highest Group - KINGDOM

Lowest Group - SPECIES

 As we go down the levels i.e starting from K to S; the variety of Organisms decreases

The kingdom of course has the highest level of Organisms

K for KINGDOM

The SPECIES is the smallest unit of classification

 S for SPECIES

We're familiar with the common names of living Organisms e.g 

Cow

.

Dog

.

Hen

.

Rat

.

Maize

.

Human beings

 Biologists however use a standard system to name living Organisms

 Each kind of living Organisms is given two names according to the biologists naming Systems

 These two names we called the...

.

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE📌

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BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

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 Two names

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The first name is the genus name to which the Organisms belong

The second name is the name of the species to which it belong

 Maize plant (Zea Mays)

i.e

The genus to which maize belong is Zea

While the species to which it belong is Mays

Human beings - Homo sapiens

.

Elephant - Loxodonta africana

.

We stopped at the levels of classification of living organisms at the last class which was proposed by a Sweden naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus

KPCOFGS

.

Hope you can remember this acronym

.

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

 So we aslo talked about the BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

 And it was stated that naming of Living organisms in Biology is based on the BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

I.e Generic Name(Genus)

Specific name(Species)

We need to understand each level or hierarchy of Living organisms; so then we need to take a concise look at each of them KPCOFGS

 Starting from K as Kingdom

As you can deduct from the hierarchy; You'll notice that the KINDGOM is the largest level or hierarchy and so has the largest number of living organisms

 Carolus Linnaeus divided the KINGDOM into two groups as;

.

1.✅Animalia

2.✅Plantae

This division has been developed by modern biologists and then we now have 5 divisions as;

1.✅Protists

2.✅Monera

3.✅Fungi

4.✅Plantae

5.✅Animalia

 Let's discuss each of this then

 What do you need about MONERAS

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False nuclei

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They are also called PROCARYOTES

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They have simple cells

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Microscopic in nature

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Examples of MONERAS include BACTERIA and BLUE GREEN ALGAE

What do you need to know about the PROTIST

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They are bigger than the MONERAS

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They have a complex cell Structure with definite nuclei

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Examples include CHLAMYDOMONAS and AMOEBA

  

What do you need to know about the FUNGI

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They are thread like structures

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Examples include mushrooms and slime mould

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They have numerous nuclei

What do you need to know about PLANTAE

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They have many cells and contains green pigment(Photosynthetic in nature)

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Examples include FERN, PINES, YAM, MOSSES e.t.c

 What do you need to know about ANIMALIA

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They have many cells and feed on other organisms

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Examples include; worms,insects,snails,fishes,frogs e.t.c

GETTING THE REAL A'S IN LIFE

 We all live our lives daily, some based on what they believe; others based on what they see,hear, feel, and think. Life at different indtances, poses different meaning to individuals.

Attimes, you just find it hard to align your personality to what it's happening at a particular point in time of your Life.

Most attimes we expect the best and still prepare for the worst. As an undergraduate, I begin to reflect on issues of this Life even more than myself can ever imagine. I have this mindset right from my tender age that life poses good things to lucky people and bad things to the unlucky ones but not just based on personal attitude to Life. You also at many times find yourself in this circle of taking thoughts about the issues of this Life and what it really holds in for you.

This writeup is a product of my reflection and thought about the issues of this Life. I want you to know that your Life now is a reflection of your Life then,now and thereafter. James Hutton a Scottish geologist proposes the law of uniformitarianism and i quote"The dynamism of the past is the key to the present". Your personality, people around you,choices you make, priorities,what you believe and the basics upon which you life is built will shapes your life now and thereafter and it also give the best definition of the real you.

99% of secondary school students in Nigeria believe that once they can make A's in school subjects,then they can get the best in Life and that's why parents will ensure that their children get the best of Education and as well try all their best to see their children excel in their Academic endeavors, nothing more, nothing less. Accolades to parents and guardians.

TO BE CONTINUED

CVE322 SOIL MECHANICS ( CHAPTER 1 SUMMARY)/PART 1

 What do we apply in soil mechanics

1. Laws of mechanics

2. Hydraulics

Soils are formed through the Physical,chemical and biological (PCB) disintegration of rocks.

Terzaghi is the father of siil mechanics

Soil is a structural material

The main objective of soil mechanics is to lay down principles, theories and procedures (PTP) for the design of a safe and sound structure.

What do foundation engineers use in the design of substructure (Foundation)

1. Properties of the soil

2. Theories pertaining to the design

3. Own praxtical experience

Natural soil deposit (NSD) performs the engineering function of supporting substructure and the superstructure above it.

NSD are available in extremely erractic manner